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27.  Characterization of particles, ammonia and endotoxin in
swine confinement operations.
Pickrell, J. A.; Heber, A. J.; Murphy, J. P.; Henry, S. C.; May,
M. M.; Nolan, D.; Oehme, F. W.; Gillespie, J. R.; Schoneweis, D. 

Vet-hum-toxicol v.35, p.421-428. (1993).
Includes references.
Descriptor: pig-housing; intensive-farming; intensive-husbandry;
dust-; pig-manure; ammonia-; endotoxins-; particle-size;
spatial-variation; ventilation-; spring-; summer-; winter-
NAL Call No.: SF601.A47
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28.  Chemical composition of cyanobacteria grown in diluted,
aerated swine wastewater.
Canizares Villanueva, R. O.; Dominguez, A. R.; Cruz, M. S.; Rios
Leal, E. 

Bioresour-technol v.51, p.111-116. (1995).
Includes references.
Descriptor: phormidium-; spirulina-; cell-culture; waste-water;
pig-manure; waste-water-treatment; biological-treatment;
aerobic-treatment; algal- protein; biomass-;
chemical-composition; spirulina-maxima
Abstract: The chemical composition of Spirulina maxima and
Phormidium sp. biomasses grown on pretreated and diluted swine
wastewater was  determined Analyses were carried out on
lyophilized samples and compared with data from mineral media
(controls). Analyses of Phormidium  grown on aeration-stabilized
wastewater (ASSW) were: protein (Nx 625) 62%, lipids 11%,
carbohydrates (calculated by difference) 16%. For  Spirulina in
the same effluent, data were: protein 36%, lipids 6% and
carbohydrates 44%. No crude fiber was found in any of the
samples. The  fatty acid profiles of both biomasses showed
important differences when compared to controls. The biomasses
contained all the essential amino  acids. The Spirulina biomass
had a significantly higher content of pyridoxine, riboflavin and
pantothenic and nicotinic acids than Phormidium  when grown on
ASSW, but in general the vitamin content of both biomasses was
practically the same as their respective controls. The results 
suggest that Phormidium and Spirulina biomasses could be used as
dietary supplements in animal feed, but further studies are
needed to  determine the nutritional value of the product.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
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29.  Chemical treatment of swine wastewater.
Gao, Y. C.; Liao, P. H.; Lo, K. V. 

J-Environ-Sci-Health-Part-A-Environ-Sci-Eng v.A28, p.795-807.
(1993).
Includes references.
Descriptor: pig-manure; pig-slurry; waste-water-treatment;
chemical-treatment; chemicals-; biochemical-oxygen-demand;
chemical-oxygen-demand; phosphates-; dosage-; british-columbia;
suspended-solids; total-solids
NAL Call No.: TD172.J6
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30.  Chronic copper poisoning in sheep grazing pastures
fertilized with swine manure.
Kerr, L. A.; McGavin, H. D. 

J-Am-Vet-Med-Assoc v.198, p.99-101. (1991).
Includes references.
Descriptor: ewes-; copper-; poisoning-; pig-manure; fertilizers-;
grazing-; molybdenum-; symptoms-; histopathology-; mortality-;
pregnancy-; case- reports
NAL Call No.: 41.8-Am3
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31.  A combined anaerobic--aerobic process for the co-treatment
of effluents from a piggery and a cheese factory.
Montuelle, B.; Coillard, J.; Le Hy, J. B. 

J-Agric-Eng-Res v.51, p.91-100. (1992).
Includes references.
Descriptor: piggery-effluent; cheesemaking-; effluents-;
anaerobic-treatment; aerobic-treatment; biogas-; production-;
france-
Abstract: Food processing industries can cause serious
environmental problems. In particular, piggeries and milk/cheese
factories need improved  treatment of their wastewater,
especially if land-spreading of wastes is not possible, limited
or forbidden. This paper reports on a study of a  treatment plant
whose originality lies in the combination of two treatment
stages, the first anaerobic, the second aerobic. The technical
problems  encountered during the installation of the digester and
the optimization of the working of the whole treatment plant
during 2 years are analysed  and discussed. Besides a daily
monitoring of the anaerobic stage, complete measurements were
carried out on the treatment process in order to  control the
steady state performance of the plant. The biogas produced is
used in a cheese factory and allows propane consumption to be 
reduced by 26%. The anaerobic digestion of the slurry, followed
by a settling process, leads to changes in the nature of the
effluent entering the  aerobic stage. In particular, the C/N
ratio would be unfavourable for the denitrification process,
without the cheese factory washing-water,  which brings the
necessary organic carbon. The reduction in organic load achieved
by the digester (94% reduction of BOD and 74% of soluble  COD)
allows sufficient concentrations to maintain a good aerobic
oxidation and a good nitrification process in the oxidation
ditch. Overall the  whole treatment process achieves 98% COD
reduction, more than 99% BOD reduction and 93% N reduction.
NAL Call No.: 58.8-J82
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32.  Combining swine housing units into a system of buildings.
Muehling, A. J.; Collins, E. R. Jr.; Mohling, S.; Mohling, K. 

Pork industry handbook. West Lafayette, Ind. : Cooperative
Extension Service, Purdue University, [1978?-1990].. 4 p. 
In the subseries: Housing. (PIH-22), revised December 1991.
Descriptor: pigs-; pig-housing; site-selection; drainage-;
pig-manure; farrowing-houses; fire-prevention;
building-construction; landscaping-; usa-
NAL Call No.: SF395.P62
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33.  A comparison of models for predicting slurry production on a
pig farm.
Williams, A. G.; Streader, W. V. 

Biol-Wastes v.31, p.187-197. (1990).
Includes references.
Descriptor: pig-farming; pig-slurry; production-; prediction-;
models-
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
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34.  A comparison of runoff quality effects of organic and
inorganic fertilizers applied to fescuegrass plots.
Edwards, D. R.; Daniel, T. C. 

Water-resour-bull v.30, p.35-41. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptor: poultry-manure; pig-manure; npk-fertilizers; runoff-;
water-quality; festuca-arundinacea; pastures-; pollution-;
arkansas-; nonpoint-source-pollution
Abstract: Application of fertilizer can degrade quality of
runoff, particularly during the first post-application,
runoff-producing storm. This  experiment assessed and compared
runoff quality impacts of organic and inorganic fertilizer
application for a single simulated storm occurring  seven days
following application. The organic fertilizers used were poultry
(Gallus gallus domesticus) litter, poultry manure, and swine (Sus 
scrofa domesticus) manure. All fertilizers were applied at an
application rate of 217.6 kg N/ha. Simulated rainfall was applied
at 50 mm/h for an  average duration of 0.8 h. Runoff samples were
collected, composited, and analyzed for nitrate N (NO3-N),
ammonia N (NH3-N), total  Kjeldahl N (TKN), ortho-P (PO4-P),
total P (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended
solids (TSS), fecal coliforms (FC), and  fecal streptococci (FS).
Application of the fertilizers did not alter the hydrologic
characteristics of the receiving plots relative to the control 
plots. Concentrations of fertilizer constituents were almost
always greater from treated than from control plots and were
usually much greater.  Flow-weighted mean concentrations of
NH3-N, PO4-P, and TP were highest for the inorganic fertilizer
treatment (42.0, 26.6, and 27.9 mg/L  respectively). Runoff COD
and TSS concentrations were greatest for the poultry litter
treatment. Concentrations of FC and FS were greater for 
fertilized than for control plots with no differences among
fertilized plots, but FC concentrations for all treatments were
in excess of Arkansas'  primary and secondary contact standards.
Mass losses of fertilizer constituents were low (< 3 kg/ha) and
were small proportions (< 3.
NAL Call No.: 292.9-Am34
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35.  Comparisons of biological and chemical methods to predict
nitrogen mineralization in animal wastes.
Serna, M. D.; Pomares, F. 

Biol-Fertil-Soils v.12, p.89-94. (1991).
Includes references.
Descriptor: zea-mays; pig-manure; poultry-manure; nitrogen-;
mineralization-; nutrient-availability; nutrient-uptake;
prediction-; waste-disposal; spain-
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
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36.  Composition and digestibility of untreated and chemically
treated animal excreta for ruminants: a review.
Flachowsky, G.; Hennig, A. 

Biol-Wastes v.31, p.17-36. (1990).
Includes references.
Descriptor: pig-slurry; poultry-manure; cattle-dung;
chemical-treatment; feeds-; production-; sheep-feeding;
nutrient-content; mineral-content; digestibility-; reviews-;
waste-utilization
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
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